f{"id":10312,"date":"2018-11-17T10:46:37","date_gmt":"2018-11-17T18:46:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/occupysf.net\/?p=10312"},"modified":"2018-11-17T10:48:07","modified_gmt":"2018-11-17T18:48:07","slug":"ranked-choice-voting-worked-in-maine-now-we-should-use-it-in-presidential-races","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/2018\/11\/17\/ranked-choice-voting-worked-in-maine-now-we-should-use-it-in-presidential-races\/","title":{"rendered":"Ranked-choice voting worked in Maine. Now we should use it in presidential races."},"content":{"rendered":"

By Lawrence Lessig, Opinion contributor<\/p>\n

Published\u00a0Nov. 17, 2018 (usatoday.com)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\n

\n

When voters rank their first, second and third-choice candidates, the winner is broadly acceptable. Let’s do it in New Hampshire presidential primary.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
$\"Ap$ <\/div>\n
(Photo: Austen Leake, Tribune-Star via AP)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
On Thursday, election officials in Maine declared Democrat Jared Golden\u00a0to be the first member of Congress\u00a0elected\u00a0<\/a>by \u201cranked-choice voting\u201d (\u201cRCV\u201d). Maine\u2019s idea should now be adopted by New Hampshire for its presidential primary, and by battleground states for the general election as well.<\/p>\n
Under Maine\u2019s system, voters can rank their choices among the candidates on the ballot\u200a\u2014\u200a first, second, third, etc. First choices are then tallied. If no candidate gets 50 percent\u00a0or more, the bottom candidate is dropped, and the second choice of those voters gets added to the tallies of the remaining candidates. If there is still no candidate with 50 percent\u00a0or more, then the procedure is repeated, until there is a candidate who has the support of at least 50 percent\u00a0of the voters. The results at each stage are reported, so early leads are known. But in the end, the ultimate winner has the support of at least half of voters\u200a \u2014\u200a not a terribly radical idea in a democracy.<\/p>\n
In this election,\u00a0 the initial round<\/a>\u00a0had GOP incumbent Bruce Poliquin winning 46.1 percent\u00a0and Golden receiving 45.9\u00a0percent. Third party candidates garnered 8\u00a0percent. After re-allocating these third party votes, the final result was\u00a0 50.53 percent to 49.47 percent<\/a>\u00a0in favor of Golden.<\/p>\n
Ranked-choice voting can end toxic campaigns<\/h3>\n
Maine\u2019s system\u00a0could have applied to at least six other House raises in 2018, as well as possibly two races in the Senate. In most of these cases in the House, it would have likely favored Republicans, in others it would likely have favored Democrats. But in every case, it would have given voters the chance to express their views without a strategic worry. If their number one doesn\u2019t win, they can at least support their number two. And more importantly, voting for their number one would not weaken the chances of their number two winning.<\/p>\n
Yet the effect on Election Day is just part of the benefit of RCV, and maybe not even the most important. Much more significant is its effect on the campaign itself. Candidates in a ranked-choice system have a real interest in playing nice. If they are unsure about whether they\u2019ll win on the first ballot, they have a strong incentive not to denigrate or insult the candidates whose second-rank votes they might want. A clear front-runner need not behave, but everyone else will. Negative advertising can thus be costly for all except a clear frontrunner \u200a\u2014 \u200awhich can change importantly how campaigns proceed.<\/p>\n
Both features of RCV are crucially relevant to how we elect our president. Following Maine, critical states should adopt the system before the next election\u200a \u2014 \u200afor the president at least.<\/p>\n
New Hampshire especially. On the Democratic side, there could be a dozen candidates vying to be the Democratic nominee. That means a candidate could \u201cwin\u201d that primary with just a tiny fraction of the overall vote. Yet with RCV, voters could rank their choices, and the system would then determine which candidates have significant support among primary voters.<\/p>\n
First round votes would be reported as well, so we\u2019d have a clear sense of initial ranking. And candidates would be disciplined not to denigrate at least the candidates whose votes they aspire ultimately to win. The party would leave the primary not bruised but emboldened. And the ultimate nominee would not have a year of vicious attacks gifted to her or his opponent.<\/p>\n
Protest votes impact real results<\/h3>\n
In the general election, the battleground states should adopt RCV for the presidential election as well.<\/p>\n
Today, all but two states\u00a0 allocate\u00a0<\/a>their Electoral College votes to the winner of the popular vote. At the very minimum, states should assure that that \u201cwinner\u201d is a candidate supported by a majority of the voters in that state. Arguably three\u00a0of the past four presidents were elected because of the effect of third-party candidates on the ultimate result in the states. Ralph Nader’s (almost pathological)\u00a0 denial\u00a0<\/a>notwithstanding, that was certainly the case in 2000 when\u00a0 George Bush won by 537 votes<\/a>\u00a0in Florida while 97,488 votes were cast for Nader. It\u2019s at least plausible that a similar dynamic elected Bill Clinton\u00a0 in 1992<\/a>, and Donald Trump\u00a0 in 2016<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Yet Maine shows there\u2019s no need to undermine the mandate of a president by making the results turn upon such accidents. Battleground states could adopt RCV, making it easier for voters to vote for a third-party candidate without worrying about how that vote will affect the ultimate bottom line. Of those 97,488 Nader voters in 2000, Al Gore would surely have received more than 537 votes more than Bush. There is no reason the election system should force them either to vote for their second choice or help throw the election to their third.<\/p>\n
Maine is not the only jurisdiction in America to use ranked-choice voting. It is just the first where it has mattered in a federal election. We should follow its example. There is plenty of time to carry its idea to the 2020 election and give all of us a system less prone to the vicious attacks, and more guaranteed to select candidates supported by at least a majority in every state.<\/p>\n
Lawrence Lessig is Roy L Furman professor of law and leadership at Harvard law school and founder of\u00a0EqualCitizens.US<\/a>. Follow him on Twitter\u00a0 @lessig<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
By Lawrence Lessig, Opinion contributor Published\u00a0Nov. 17, 2018 (usatoday.com) When voters rank their first, second and third-choice candidates, the winner is broadly acceptable. Let’s do it in New Hampshire presidential primary. (Photo: Austen Leake, Tribune-Star via AP) On Thursday, election officials in Maine declared Democrat Jared Golden\u00a0to be the first… Continue reading → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10312"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10312\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}