{"id":23387,"date":"2022-08-29T12:25:41","date_gmt":"2022-08-29T19:25:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/?p=23387"},"modified":"2022-08-29T12:25:56","modified_gmt":"2022-08-29T19:25:56","slug":"the-origin-of-student-debt-reagan-adviser-warned-free-college-would-create-a-dangerous-educated-proletariat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/2022\/08\/29\/the-origin-of-student-debt-reagan-adviser-warned-free-college-would-create-a-dangerous-educated-proletariat\/","title":{"rendered":"THE ORIGIN OF STUDENT DEBT: REAGAN ADVISER WARNED FREE COLLEGE WOULD CREATE A DANGEROUS \u201cEDUCATED PROLETARIAT\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/join.theintercept.com\/donate\/now\/?referrer_post_id=406131&amp;referrer_url=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2022%2F08%2F25%2Fstudent-loans-debt-reagan%2F%3Futm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3DThe%2520Intercept%2520Newsletter&amp;source=web_intercept_20220502_article-share\"><strong>BECOME A MEMBER<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gov. Ronald Reagan explains his requested shutdown of California\u2019s higher education system in Sacramento, Calif. on May 6, 1970.\u00a0Photo: Bettmann Archive<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In 1970, Roger Freeman, who also worked for Nixon, revealed the right\u2019s motivation for coming decades of attacks on higher education.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/staff\/jonschwarz\/\">Jon Schwarz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>August 25 2022, 1:57\u00a0p.m. (TheIntercept.com)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>WITH THE&nbsp;vociferous debate over President Joe Biden\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/education\/2022\/08\/24\/biden-student-loan-cancellation\/\">announcement<\/a>&nbsp;that the federal government will cancel a portion of outstanding student debt, it\u2019s important to understand how Americans came to owe the current cumulative total of more than $1.6 trillion for higher education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1970, Ronald Reagan was running for reelection as governor of California. He had first won in 1966 with confrontational rhetoric toward the University of California public college system and executed confrontational policies when in office. In May 1970, Reagan had shut down all 28 UC and Cal State campuses in the midst of student protests against the Vietnam War and the U.S. bombing of Cambodia. On October 29, less than a week before the election, his education adviser Roger A. Freeman spoke at a press conference to defend him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>https:\/\/o.prod.theintercept.com\/checkout\/template\/cacheableShow?aid=hsZyoAWmIE&#038;templateId=OTEXERHVRCE9&#038;templateVariantId=OTVEIU52VT7IF&#038;offerId=fakeOfferId&#038;experienceId=EX3LBE28N473&#038;iframeId=offer_d95877cf7d9b23ea09ec-0&#038;displayMode=inline&#038;pianoIdUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fid.tinypass.com%2Fid%2F&#038;widget=template&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Freeman\u2019s remarks were reported the next day in the San Francisco Chronicle under the headline \u201cProfessor Sees Peril in Education.\u201d According to the Chronicle article, Freeman said, \u201cWe are in danger of producing an educated proletariat. \u2026 That\u2019s dynamite! We have to be selective on who we allow [to go to college].\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf not,\u201d Freeman continued, \u201cwe will have a large number of highly trained and unemployed people.\u201d Freeman also said \u2014 taking a highly idiosyncratic perspective on the cause of fascism \u2014\u201cthat\u2019s what happened in Germany. I saw it happen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">As Biden cancels (some) student debt, remember why the debt exists. A key Reagan advisor warned in 1970 that free college was producing the dangerously explosive &quot;dynamite&quot; of an &quot;educated proletariat,&quot; and &quot;we have to be selective on who we allow to go through higher education&quot;: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/SWqZFRRTuN\">pic.twitter.com\/SWqZFRRTuN<\/a><\/p>&mdash; Jon Schwarz, Mayor, Arkham MA (@schwarz) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/schwarz\/status\/1562521561118429187?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 24, 2022<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Freeman was born in 1904 in Vienna, Austria, and emigrated to the United States after the rise of Hitler. An economist who became a longtime fixture in conservative politics, he served on the White House staff during both the Dwight Eisenhower and Richard Nixon administrations. In 1970 he was seconded from the Nixon administration to work on Reagan\u2019s campaign. He was also a senior fellow at Stanford\u2019s conservative Hoover Institution. In one of his books, he asked \u201ccan Western Civilization survive\u201d what he believed to be excessive government spending on education, Social Security, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A core theme of Reagan\u2019s first gubernatorial campaign in 1966 was resentment toward California\u2019s public colleges,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.berkeley.edu\/news\/media\/releases\/2004\/06\/08_reagan.shtml\">in particular UC Berkeley<\/a>, with Reagan repeatedly vowing \u201cto clean up the mess\u201d there. Berkeley, then nearly free to attend for California residents, had become a national center of organizing against the Vietnam War. Deep anxiety about this reached the highest levels of the U.S. government. John McCone, the head of the CIA,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8a\/McCone-Hoover%2C_UC_Berkeley_1965.gif\">requested a meeting<\/a>&nbsp;with J. Edgar Hoover, head of the FBI, to discuss \u201ccommunist influence\u201d at Berkeley, a situation that \u201cdefinitely required some corrective action.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/22\/student-debt-cancellation-black-women\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/22\/student-debt-cancellation-black-women\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theintercept-static.imgix.net\/usq\/de94f133-36f2-497e-aff1-596a4cddaac2\/de94f133-36f2-497e-aff1-596a4cddaac2.jpeg?auto=compress,format&amp;cs=srgb&amp;dpr=2&amp;h=440&amp;w=440&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cedges&amp;_=601080380b10454b124a60fa9d99222e\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/22\/student-debt-cancellation-black-women\/\">Related<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/22\/student-debt-cancellation-black-women\/\">Freedom Dreams: Black Women and the Student Debt Crisis<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>During the 1966 campaign, Reagan regularly communicated with the FBI about&nbsp;its concerns about Clark Kerr, the president of the entire University of California system. Despite requests from Hoover, Kerr had not cracked down on Berkeley protesters. Within weeks of Reagan taking office, Kerr was fired. A subsequent&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/13\/Reagan-Hoover_UCB_memo1.gif\">FBI memo<\/a>&nbsp;stated that Reagan was \u201cdedicated to the destruction of disruptive elements on California campuses.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reagan pushed to cut state funding for California\u2019s public colleges but did not reveal his ideological motivation. Rather, he said, the state simply needed to save money. To cover the funding shortfall, Reagan suggested that California public colleges could charge residents tuition for the first time. This, he&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/january-17-1967-statement-governor-ronald-reagan-tuition\">complained<\/a>, \u201cresulted in the almost hysterical charge that this would deny educational opportunities to those of the most moderate means. This is obviously untrue. \u2026 We made it plain that tuition must be accompanied by adequate loans to be paid back after graduation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MOST READ<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/26\/kyrsten-sinema-biden-oira\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/26\/kyrsten-sinema-biden-oira\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theintercept-static.imgix.net\/usq\/1e3f6fe0-a9fc-45a9-a962-b20760fb7de7\/1e3f6fe0-a9fc-45a9-a962-b20760fb7de7.jpeg?auto=compress,format&amp;cs=srgb&amp;dpr=2&amp;h=440&amp;w=440&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cedges&amp;_=971ed7b28ca265e080163ea860aa8a62\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/26\/kyrsten-sinema-biden-oira\/\">Sen. Kyrsten Sinema Privately Blew Up Biden Nominee Needed to Enact Regulatory Agenda<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/26\/kyrsten-sinema-biden-oira\/\">Ryan Grim<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/24\/unemployment-recession-worker-power-douglas-emmett\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/24\/unemployment-recession-worker-power-douglas-emmett\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theintercept-static.imgix.net\/usq\/d752e4ef-6278-49f1-936c-7e866c907bab\/d752e4ef-6278-49f1-936c-7e866c907bab.jpeg?auto=compress,format&amp;cs=srgb&amp;dpr=2&amp;h=440&amp;w=440&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cedges&amp;_=4fdd61a0775c9da2da95e3fb01c9c537\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/24\/unemployment-recession-worker-power-douglas-emmett\/\">Real Estate CEO: Recession Could Be \u201cGood\u201d If \u201cUnemployment \u2026 Puts Employers Back in the Driver Seat\u201d<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/24\/unemployment-recession-worker-power-douglas-emmett\/\">Ken Klippenstein, Jon Schwarz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/23\/ron-johnson-january-6-fake-electors\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/23\/ron-johnson-january-6-fake-electors\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theintercept-static.imgix.net\/usq\/69a40837-43b3-4e66-a6df-80f173179f7c\/69a40837-43b3-4e66-a6df-80f173179f7c.jpeg?auto=compress,format&amp;cs=srgb&amp;dpr=2&amp;h=440&amp;w=440&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cedges&amp;_=1dce8ef5779c728d5afadc029ab15ba1\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/23\/ron-johnson-january-6-fake-electors\/\">Playing Dumb: Sen. Ron Johnson\u2019s Role in Jan. 6 Plot Is Hiding in Plain Sight<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/08\/23\/ron-johnson-january-6-fake-electors\/\">Robert Mackey<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The success of Reagan\u2019s&nbsp;attacks on California public colleges inspired conservative politicians across the U.S. Nixon decried \u201ccampus revolt.\u201d Spiro Agnew, his vice president, proclaimed that thanks to open admissions policies, \u201cunqualified students are being swept into college on the wave of the new socialism.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prominent conservative intellectuals also took up the charge. Privately one worried that free education \u201cmay be producing a positively dangerous class situation\u201d by raising the expectations of working-class students. Another referred to college students as \u201ca parasite feeding on the rest of society\u201d who exhibited a \u201cfailure to understand and to appreciate the crucial role played [by] the reward-punishment structure of the market.\u201d The answer was \u201cto close off the parasitic option.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, this meant to the National Review, a \u201csystem of full tuition charges supplemented by loans which students must pay out of their future income.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In retrospect, this period was the clear turning point in America\u2019s policies toward higher education. For decades, there had been enthusiastic bipartisan agreement that states should fund high-quality public colleges so that their youth could receive higher education for free or nearly so. That has now vanished.&nbsp;In 1968, California residents paid a $300 yearly fee to attend Berkeley, the equivalent of about $2,000 now. Now&nbsp;tuition at Berkeley is $15,000, with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/financialaid.berkeley.edu\/how-aid-works\/student-budgets-cost-of-attendance\/\">total yearly student costs<\/a>&nbsp;reaching almost $40,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Student debt, which had played a minor role in American life through the 1960s, increased during the Reagan administration and then shot up after the 2007-2009 Great Recession as states made huge cuts to funding for their college systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/01\/07\/joe-biden-student-loans\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/01\/07\/joe-biden-student-loans\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theintercept-static.imgix.net\/usq\/52b5f372-dced-4ae4-b008-2765f4c15b5c\/52b5f372-dced-4ae4-b008-2765f4c15b5c.jpeg?auto=compress,format&amp;cs=srgb&amp;dpr=2&amp;h=440&amp;w=440&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cedges&amp;_=7aa250f140a8659089addb949f139db1\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/01\/07\/joe-biden-student-loans\/\">Related<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/01\/07\/joe-biden-student-loans\/\">Joe Biden\u2019s Role in Creating the Student Debt Crisis Stretches Back to the 1970s<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>That brings us to today. Biden\u2019s actions, while positive, are merely a Band-Aid on a crisis 50 years in the making. In 1822, founding father James Madison wrote to a friend that \u201cthe liberal appropriations made by the Legislature of Kentucky for a general system of Education cannot be too much applauded. \u2026 Enlightened patriotism \u2026 is now providing for the State a Plan of Education embracing every class of Citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cKnowledge will forever govern ignorance,\u201d Madison explained, \u201cand a people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives.\u201d Freeman and Reagan and their compatriots agreed with Madison\u2019s perspective but wanted to prevent Americans from gaining this power. If we want to take another path, the U.S. will have to recover a vision of a well-educated populace not as a terrible threat, but as a positive force that makes the nation better for everyone \u2014 and so should largely be paid for by all of us.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BECOME A MEMBER Gov. Ronald Reagan explains his requested shutdown of California\u2019s higher education system in Sacramento, Calif. on May 6, 1970.\u00a0Photo: Bettmann Archive In 1970, Roger Freeman, who also worked for Nixon, revealed the right\u2019s motivation for coming decades of attacks on higher education. Jon Schwarz August 25 2022,&#8230; <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/2022\/08\/29\/the-origin-of-student-debt-reagan-adviser-warned-free-college-would-create-a-dangerous-educated-proletariat\/\"> Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23387"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23387"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23387\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23389,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23387\/revisions\/23389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}