{"id":26389,"date":"2023-05-09T22:51:45","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T05:51:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/?p=26389"},"modified":"2023-05-09T22:51:45","modified_gmt":"2023-05-10T05:51:45","slug":"john-brown-abolitionist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/2023\/05\/09\/john-brown-abolitionist\/","title":{"rendered":"John Brown (abolitionist)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Brown<\/th><\/tr>
<\/a>Photo by Augustus Washington<\/a>, c.\u20091846\u20131847<\/td><\/tr>
Born<\/th>May 9, 1800
Torrington, Connecticut<\/a>, U.S.<\/td><\/tr>
Died<\/th>December 2, 1859 (aged 59)
Charles Town, Virginia<\/a> (now West Virginia<\/a>), U.S.<\/td><\/tr>
Cause of death<\/th>Execution by hanging<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Resting place<\/th>North Elba, New York<\/a>, U.S.
\"\"44.252240\u00b0N 73.971799\u00b0W<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Monuments<\/th>showVarious:<\/td><\/tr>
Known for<\/th>Involvement in Bleeding Kansas<\/a>; Raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>
Movement<\/th>Abolitionism<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Criminal charge(s)<\/th>Treason<\/a> against the Commonwealth of Virginia<\/a>; murder<\/a>; inciting<\/a> slave insurrection<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Spouse(s)<\/th>Dianthe Lusk\u200b\u200b(m. 1820; died 1832)\u200b
Mary Ann Day<\/a> \u200b(m.1833)\u200b<\/td><\/tr>
Children<\/th>20, including John Jr.<\/a>, Owen<\/a>, and Watson<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Parent<\/th>Owen Brown<\/a> (father)<\/td><\/tr>
Signature<\/th><\/tr>
<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

John Brown<\/strong> (May 9, 1800 \u2013 December 2, 1859) was an American abolitionist<\/a> leader. First reaching national prominence for his radical abolitionism and fighting in Bleeding Kansas<\/a>, he was eventually captured and executed for a failed incitement of a slave rebellion<\/a> at Harpers Ferry<\/a> preceding the American Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An evangelical Christian<\/a> of strong religious convictions, Brown was profoundly influenced by the Puritan faith<\/a> of his upbringing.[1]<\/a><\/sup>[2]<\/a><\/sup>[3]<\/a><\/sup> He believed that he was “an instrument of God”,[4]<\/a><\/sup>:\u200a248\u200a<\/sup> raised up to strike the “death blow” to American slavery, a “sacred obligation”.[3]<\/a><\/sup>[4]<\/a><\/sup>:\u200a189\u200a<\/sup>[5]<\/a><\/sup>[6]<\/a><\/sup> Brown was the leading exponent of violence in the American abolitionist movement<\/a>,[7]<\/a><\/sup>:\u200a426\u200a<\/sup> believing it was necessary to end American slavery<\/a> after decades of peaceful efforts had failed.[4]<\/a><\/sup>[5]<\/a><\/sup>[8]<\/a><\/sup> Brown said repeatedly that in working to free the enslaved, he was following Christian ethics<\/a>, including the Golden Rule<\/a>,[9]<\/a><\/sup>[10]<\/a><\/sup> as well as the U.S. Declaration of Independence<\/a>, which states that “all men are created equal”.[11]<\/a><\/sup>[12]<\/a><\/sup>[13]<\/a><\/sup>[14]<\/a><\/sup>:\u200a721\u200a<\/sup>[15]<\/a><\/sup> He stated repeatedly that in his view, these two principles “meant the same thing”.[16]<\/a><\/sup>[17]<\/a><\/sup>[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

hideEconomicEnd of Atlantic slave trade<\/a>Panic of 1857<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
hidePoliticalNorthwest Ordinance<\/a>Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions<\/a>Missouri Compromise<\/a>Nullification crisis<\/a>Gag rule<\/a>Tariff of 1828<\/a>End of slavery in British colonies<\/a>Texas Revolution<\/a>Texas annexation<\/a>Mexican\u2013American War<\/a>Wilmot Proviso<\/a>Nashville Convention<\/a>Compromise of 1850<\/a>Fugitive Slave Act of 1850<\/a>Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act<\/a>Ostend Manifesto<\/a>Caning of Charles Sumner<\/a>Lincoln\u2013Douglas debates<\/a>1860 presidential election<\/a>Crittenden Compromise<\/a>Secession of Southern states<\/a>Peace Conference of 1861<\/a>Corwin Amendment<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
hideSocialNat Turner’s slave rebellion<\/a>Martyrdom of Elijah Lovejoy<\/a>Burning of Pennsylvania Hall<\/a>American Slavery As It Is<\/a><\/em>Uncle Tom’s Cabin<\/a><\/em>Bleeding Kansas<\/a>The Impending Crisis of the South<\/a><\/em>Oberlin\u2013Wellington Rescue<\/a>John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
hideJudicialTrial of Reuben Crandall<\/a>Commonwealth v. Aves<\/a><\/em>The Amistad<\/em> affair<\/a>Prigg v. Pennsylvania<\/a><\/em>Recapture of Anthony Burns<\/a>Dred Scott v. Sandford<\/a><\/em>Virginia v. John Brown<\/a><\/em><\/td><\/tr>
hideMilitaryStar of the West<\/a><\/em>Battle of Fort Sumter<\/a>President Lincoln’s 75,000 volunteers<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Brown first gained national attention when he led anti-slavery<\/a> volunteers and his own sons during the Bleeding Kansas<\/a> crisis of the late 1850s, a state-level civil war over whether Kansas would enter the Union as a slave state or a free state<\/a>. He was dissatisfied with abolitionist pacifism, saying of pacifists, “These men are all talk. What we need is action \u2013 action!”. In May 1856, Brown and his sons killed five supporters of slavery in the Pottawatomie massacre<\/a>, a response to the sacking of Lawrence<\/a> by pro-slavery forces. Brown then commanded anti-slavery forces at the Battle of Black Jack<\/a> and the Battle of Osawatomie<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In October 1859, Brown led a raid<\/a> on the federal armory<\/a> at Harpers Ferry, Virginia<\/a> (today West Virginia), intending to start a slave liberation movement that would spread south; he had prepared a Provisional Constitution<\/a> for the revised, slavery-free United States that he hoped to bring about. He seized the armory, but seven people were killed and ten or more were injured. Brown intended to arm slaves with weapons from the armory, but only a few slaves joined his revolt. Those of Brown’s men who had not fled were killed or captured by local militia<\/a> and U.S. Marines<\/a>, the latter led by Robert E. Lee<\/a>. Brown was tried for treason<\/a> against the Commonwealth of Virginia<\/a>, the murder of five men, and inciting a slave insurrection. He was found guilty of all charges and was hanged on December 2, 1859, the first person executed for treason in the history of the United States.[19]<\/a><\/sup>[20]<\/a><\/sup>:\u200a179\u200a<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Harpers Ferry raid and\u00a0Brown’s trial<\/a>, both covered extensively in national newspapers, escalated tensions that led, a year later, to the\u00a0South’s long-threatened secession<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0American Civil War<\/a>. Southerners feared that others would soon follow in Brown’s footsteps, encouraging and arming slave rebellions. He was a hero and icon in the North.\u00a0Union<\/a>\u00a0soldiers marched to the new song “John Brown’s Body<\/a>“, that portrayed him as a heroic martyr. Brown has been variously described as a heroic martyr and visionary, and as a madman and terrorist.[21]<\/a>[13]<\/a>[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Brown_(abolitionist)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia John Brown Photo by Augustus Washington, c.\u20091846\u20131847 Born May 9, 1800Torrington, Connecticut, U.S. Died December 2, 1859 (aged 59)Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia), U.S. Cause of death Execution by hanging Resting place North Elba, New York, U.S.44.252240\u00b0N 73.971799\u00b0W Monuments showVarious: Known for Involvement in Bleeding Kansas; Raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Movement Abolitionism Criminal… Continue reading → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[555],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26389"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26389"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26391,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26389\/revisions\/26391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}