![\"Elsie](\"https:\/\/media.cnn.com\/api\/v1\/images\/stellar\/prod\/230808053639-elsie-robinson-archival-headshot.jpg?c=16x9&q=h_720,w_1280,c_fill\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nElsie Robinson was a Hearst-syndicated columnist and author.San Francisco Examiner\/Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Editor\u2019s Note: Allison Gilbert is the co-author with<\/em> Julia Scheeres of \u201cListen, World!,\u201d the first biography of nationally syndicated newspaper columnist Elsie Robinson. Follow her at @agilbertwriter. The views expressed in this commentary are the author\u2019s own. View more <\/em>opinion <\/em><\/a>at CNN.<\/em>CNN \u2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n A confession: When I first read the private letters between American writer Elsie Robinson and her boss, William Randolph Hearst, I gasped. Here, typed in 1940, on pages marked \u201cconfidential,\u201d was proof of Robinson\u2019s outsize belief in herself. Hearst was the world\u2019s most powerful publisher<\/a> and Robinson was his highest-paid and most-read<\/a> woman writer, having shot to fame in 1921<\/a> with her nationally syndicated \u201cListen, World!\u201d column. The two were renegotiating her contract, and I had been searching for just this kind of evidence of their closed-door deliberations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Allison Gilbert<\/p>\n\n\n\n In the letter, Robinson enumerated her two primary grievances: She deserved a raise (she hadn\u2019t had one in nine years) and her workload was untenable (in addition to her daily column, she wrote breaking news and features). \u201cI\u2019m not insulting you when I talk like this,\u201d she stated, making sure Hearst understood that her unapologetic tone was, indeed, intentional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I had already been researching Robinson\u2019s life for more than a year when I found these letters, and the paper trail was a glorious discovery. That she recognized her value within Hearst\u2019s media empire, and felt confident that her direct approach wouldn\u2019t get her fired, was confirmation of her leading status as a journalist in a field that was still heavily dominated by men. But equally important to me was the realization that locating these letters should never have been so difficult. I was coming to learn that the institutions created to preserve our nation\u2019s history had effectively erased her from the historical record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Robinson was read by more than 20 million people<\/a> and made history by being one of the first and only columnists in the country to also draw her own accompanying editorial cartoons<\/a>. For more than 30 years, until her death in 1956, Robinson shared her opinions<\/a> supporting women\u2019s rights and immigrants, slammed racism and antisemitism and urged women to realize larger and more satisfying lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yet power structures that have been embedded in our country\u2019s premiere centers of historical preservation since their inception helped render her achievements invisible to future generations. Like a tent stake hammered into the soil at a campground, you could see only the tip of Robinson\u2019s legacy \u2014 and only if you knew where to look. We must rethink how we amass and process information so that the triumphs of women are as easy to trace as those of men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Robinson\u2019s letters, and other important career correspondence that I found, are buried in the archival records of the men who employed her, including Hearst, and most of her writing hasn\u2019t been digitized. Nearly all of her 9,000 columns and articles exist only in hard copy and on microfilm and can\u2019t be found by searching Google.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Robinson\u2019s era and before, the gatekeepers to the past were nearly always men<\/a> and it was common for many curators and archivists to assume <\/strong>women\u2019s records were unworthy of collection. While gender biases surely played a role, many archives were funded<\/a> to preserve the work of political leaders, scientists and philanthropists \u2014 positions that, depending on the era, largely or altogether excluded women<\/a>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Other patriarchal practices were more insidious and wormed their way into the methods that staff members built to identify holdings, and still use today. Consider the undisputed jewel in the US museum crown: the <\/strong>Smithsonian Institution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Smithsonian describes itself as the \u201cworld\u2019s largest museum, education, and research complex<\/a>,\u201d housing nearly 157 million objects<\/a>, of which less than 1%<\/a> are on view at its 21 museums. Yet its vast collections are unsearchable by gender. Conducting research to find examples of \u201cwomen in journalism\u201d (or women working in any endeavor) is generally fruitless. The result? It\u2019s nearly impossible to discover women whose names we don\u2019t yet know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thankfully, this is changing. The Smithsonian acknowledges that the cataloging of its own materials has been a major factor in women\u2019s stories remaining untold. \u201cThe terminology and the systems weren\u2019t there and set up to recognize them,\u201d according to Melanie Adams, newly appointed interim director<\/a> of the Smithsonian American Women\u2019s History Museum, and reported here for the first time. \u201cWe now have to fix those systems in order for these stories to be visible.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Leaders at the Smithsonian American Women\u2019s History Museum<\/a>, created by an Act of Congress in December 2020<\/a>, point to a massive systemic challenge, as nearly every category of \u201cmetadata\u201d \u2014 the data about data that enables users to search files \u2014 clashes with century-old frameworks that simply wrote women out of the historical record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Activists have worked to recover women\u2019s history since the late 1800s, their efforts boosted by each wave of the feminist movement<\/a> of the last century. Repositories, such as the Harvard Radcliffe Institute\u2019s Schlesinger Library<\/a>, Duke University\u2019s Sallie Bingham Center for Women\u2019s History and Culture<\/a> and Smith College\u2019s Sophia Smith Collection of Women\u2019s History<\/a>, specifically collect papers by and about women. But many nationally prominent centers, including <\/strong>the Smithsonian, are faced with a challenge of colossal proportions, even if they have significant funding to work with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To make women discoverable (in other words, to add gender to the descriptive text of their existing entries), staff at the Smithsonian are poring over millions of pages of archival records and searching for women who were either purposefully dismissed or overlooked<\/a>. In addition, data scientists are building new tools for finding these hidden histories. The Smithsonian told me that custom-made machine learning models will allow metadata fields to be searched by pronouns, speeding the slow and painstaking (human) task of record-locating and updating that otherwise might take decades.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Their work is already paying off. One discovery involves Margaret Moodey<\/a>, <\/strong>an accomplished scientific researcher whose identification of gems and fossils is foundational to the National Museum of Natural History<\/a>. Museum records from early in the 20th century, written and maintained by mostly male museum staff<\/a>, documented her job title as \u201csecretary\u201d and \u201cclerk,\u201d not \u201cscientist,\u201d making her impossible to find in archival searches for that term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Elizabeth Harmon, <\/strong>digital strategy specialist at the Smithsonian American Women\u2019s History Museum, <\/strong>found a paper trail of Moodey\u2019s contributions only when she examined the museum\u2019s original geology department records as part of the metadata overhaul effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yale University Library and others<\/a> have taken on this big data challenge, too, by repairing records to include full name information for women<\/a>. Yale\u2019s metadata coordinator ran a search to locate every record in which a woman was identified only by her husband\u2019s name, such as \u201cMrs. Charles Healy.\u201d Researchers next examined biographical documentation, such as marriage announcements and obituaries, to provide names and identifying details. Yale\u2019s project found more than women\u2019s names in the process; it determined women\u2019s nationalities and occupations, among other insights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n But even knowing to search by a husband\u2019s name doesn\u2019t remove all the obstacles that are unique to researching women\u2019s lives. As soon as I figured out that I needed to enter Robinson\u2019s married name, Crowell, into various data fields, I was hit with another exasperating challenge \u2014 which \u201cMrs. Crowell\u201d was she? Her husband was married two other times<\/a>, and then there was his mother.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Smithsonian American Women\u2019s History Museum noted their endeavor has already identified more than 500 women in science who worked within the Smithsonian itself and whose contributions to research have been ignored or neglected. It\u2019s a start, but Harmon said the work will likely continue for the life of the institution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This work is critical. According to a major women\u2019s history and social studies research summit, only 24% of the historical figures<\/a> taught in K-12 classrooms are women. The National Monument Audit found that 3 of the 50<\/a> people most frequently honored with public memorials and monuments are female. And just about 1 in 5 biographical entries on English-language Wikipedia<\/a> focus on women. (Wiki edit-a-thons take place across the country to address this gender divide, including at the high school Robinson attended in 1901<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n The fact is most organizations do not have the financial resources to take this work on, especially those that are understaffed or already facing backlogs in cataloging. In most American repositories, countless women may never be found. But the commitment of larger institutions will help excavate the legacies and influence of at least some \u201cforgotten\u201d women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I only stumbled across Robinson\u2019s name while I was reading one of my mother\u2019s books after she died. I found a poem, written by Robinson, that my mother had retyped on a piece of onion skin paper<\/a> and stashed inside. The shifts that are transforming the unseen work of archives could have helped another writer discover Robinson earlier, and not by accident.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Contributed by Gwyllm Llwydd)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Opinion by Allison Gilbert Updated 3:13 PM EDT, Mon August 14, 2023 (CNN.com) Elsie Robinson was a Hearst-syndicated columnist and author.San Francisco Examiner\/Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley Editor\u2019s Note: Allison Gilbert is the co-author with Julia Scheeres of \u201cListen, World!,\u201d the first biography of nationally syndicated newspaper columnist Elsie Robinson. Follow her at… Continue reading ![\"Allison](\"https:\/\/media.cnn.com\/api\/v1\/images\/stellar\/prod\/160412080642-remember-loved-ones-projects-allison-gilbert.jpg?q=x_782,y_347,h_627,w_1115,c_crop\/h_720,w_1280\")
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