{"id":6734,"date":"2017-11-09T10:10:23","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T18:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/occupysf.net\/?p=6734"},"modified":"2017-11-09T11:09:30","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T19:09:30","slug":"the-paradise-papers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/2017\/11\/09\/the-paradise-papers\/","title":{"rendered":"The Paradise Papers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><code><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CV2O461Sgr0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/code><br \/>\nSubscribe to France 24 now:<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/f24.my\/youtubeEN<\/p>\n<p>FRANCE 24 live news stream: all the latest news 24\/7<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/f24.my\/YTliveEN<\/p>\n<p>From the ICIJ, the same consortium of journalists and media outlets that brought you Luxleaks and the Panama Papers, now comes the Paradise Papers. Everyone from Lewis Hamilton and Bono to Apple and Nike seem to pay less than their fair share &#8211; and this time, it&#8217;s all above board. The European Union has announced it&#8217;s going to draw up a tax haven blacklist. But it&#8217;s anyone&#8217;s guess if member states can agree on a definition of a tax haven and how they can enforce it.<br \/>\nProduced by Daniel BARNEY, Alessandro XENOS, Christopher DAVIS.<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/taxonomy\/e&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<b>Paradise Papers<\/b>\u00a0is a set of 13.4\u00a0million confidential electronic documents relating to\u00a0<a title=\"Offshore investment\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Offshore_investment\">offshore investment<\/a>\u00a0that were leaked to the German newspaper\u00a0<i><a title=\"S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung\">S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung<\/a><\/i>. The newspaper shared them with the\u00a0<a title=\"International Consortium of Investigative Journalists\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Consortium_of_Investigative_Journalists\">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-ICIJ-20171105_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-ICIJ-20171105-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and some of the details were made public on 5 November 2017. The documents originate from the\u00a0<a title=\"Offshore financial centre\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Offshore_financial_centre\">offshore<\/a>\u00a0law firm\u00a0<a title=\"Appleby (law firm)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appleby_(law_firm)\">Appleby<\/a>, the corporate services providers\u00a0<a title=\"Estera\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estera\">Estera<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Asiaciti Trust\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asiaciti_Trust\">Asiaciti Trust<\/a>, and business registries in 19 tax jurisdictions.<sup id=\"cite_ref-BBC_need_to_know_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-BBC_need_to_know-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0They contain the names of more than 120,000 people and companies.<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Among those whose financial affairs are mentioned are\u00a0<a title=\"Elizabeth II\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elizabeth_II\">Queen Elizabeth II<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0the President of Colombia\u00a0<a title=\"Juan Manuel Santos\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Manuel_Santos\">Juan Manuel Santos<\/a>, and the\u00a0<a title=\"United States Secretary of Commerce\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce\">U.S. Secretary of Commerce<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Wilbur Ross\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilbur_Ross\">Wilbur Ross<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-bbc_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-bbc-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Background\" class=\"mw-headline\">Background<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>On 20 October 2017, an anonymous\u00a0<a title=\"Reddit\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reddit\">Reddit<\/a>\u00a0user hinted at the existence of the Paradise Papers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Later that month, the\u00a0<a title=\"International Consortium of Investigative Journalists\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Consortium_of_Investigative_Journalists\">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists<\/a>\u00a0(ICIJ) approached the\u00a0<a title=\"Offshore financial centre\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Offshore_financial_centre\">offshore<\/a>\u00a0law firm\u00a0<a title=\"Appleby (law firm)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appleby_(law_firm)\">Appleby<\/a>\u00a0with allegations of wrongdoing. Appleby said that some of its data had been stolen in a\u00a0<a title=\"Cyberattack\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyberattack\">cyberattack<\/a>\u00a0the previous year, and denied ICIJ&#8217;s allegations.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0After the documents were published, the company stated that there was &#8220;no evidence of wrongdoing&#8221;, that they &#8220;are a law firm which advises clients on legitimate and lawful ways to conduct their business&#8221;, and that they &#8220;do not tolerate illegal behaviour&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Although press reports referred to the documents as being &#8220;leaked&#8221; Appleby issued a series of public statements insisting that the firm &#8220;was not the subject of a leak but of a serious criminal act&#8221;, and that &#8220;This was an illegal computer hack. Our systems were accessed by an intruder who deployed the tactics of a professional hacker&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The documents were acquired by the German newspaper\u00a0<i><a title=\"S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung\">S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung<\/a><\/i>, which had also obtained the\u00a0<a title=\"Panama Papers\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Papers\">Panama Papers<\/a>\u00a0in 2016. According to the\u00a0<a title=\"BBC\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC\">BBC<\/a>, the name &#8220;Paradise Papers&#8221; reflects &#8220;the idyllic profiles of many of the offshore jurisdictions whose workings are unveiled&#8221;\u2014the so-called\u00a0<a title=\"Tax haven\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tax_haven\">tax havens<\/a>, or &#8220;tax paradises&#8221; involved.<sup id=\"cite_ref-BBC_need_to_know_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-BBC_need_to_know-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The BBC also notes that the name &#8220;dovetails nicely with the French term for a tax haven &#8211;\u00a0<i>paradis fiscal<\/i>&#8220;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-BBC_need_to_know_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-BBC_need_to_know-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The data comprises some 13.4\u00a0million documents\u2014totaling about 1.4\u00a0<a title=\"Terabyte\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terabyte\">terabytes<\/a>\u2014from two offshore service providers, Appleby and Asiaciti Trust, and from the company registers of 19 tax havens.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><i>S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung<\/i>\u00a0journalists contacted the ICIJ, which has been investigating the documents with 100 media partners. The consortium made the data available to the media partners using\u00a0<a title=\"Neo4j\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neo4j\">Neo4j<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0a graph database platform made for connected data, and\u00a0<a title=\"Linkurious\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linkurious\">Linkurious<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0graph visualization software, allowing journalists across the globe to undertake collaborative investigative work. The documents were released by the consortium on 5 November 2017.<sup id=\"cite_ref-bbc_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-bbc-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Gavin St Pier\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gavin_St_Pier\">Gavin St Pier<\/a>, an elected Deputy of the tax haven\u00a0<a title=\"Guernsey\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guernsey\">Guernsey<\/a>, stated that the &#8220;coverage was part of a well-orchestrated, ongoing campaign&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-GStP_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-GStP-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0He also averred that despite having the information since 2016, the timing of the release was deliberately delayed to coincide with the meeting of EU Finance Ministers ahead of the proposed discussion of a tax haven blacklist.<sup id=\"cite_ref-GStP_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-GStP-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Companies_named\" class=\"mw-headline\">Companies named<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to the papers,\u00a0<a title=\"Facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook\">Facebook<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Apple Inc.\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc.\">Apple<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Uber (company)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uber_(company)\">Uber<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Nike, Inc.\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nike,_Inc.\">Nike<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Walmart\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walmart\">Walmart<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Allianz\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allianz\">Allianz<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Siemens\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siemens\">Siemens<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"McDonald's\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McDonald%27s\">McDonald&#8217;s<\/a>, and\u00a0<a title=\"Yahoo!\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yahoo!\">Yahoo!<\/a>\u00a0are among the corporations that own\u00a0<a title=\"Offshore company\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Offshore_company\">offshore companies<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0as well as\u00a0<a title=\"Allergan\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allergan\">Allergan<\/a>, the manufacturer of\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Botox\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Botox\">Botox<\/a>. According to\u00a0<i><a title=\"The Express Tribune\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Express_Tribune\">The Express Tribune<\/a><\/i>, &#8220;Apple, Nike, and Facebook avoided billions of dollars in tax using offshore companies.&#8221;<sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Apple issued a statement in response criticising the reports as inaccurate and misleading, stating that the company is the largest taxpayer in the world and that it &#8220;pays every dollar it owes in every country around the world&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kremlin-owned firm\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kremlin-owned_firm\">Kremlin-owned firm<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"VTB Bank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VTB_Bank\">VTB Bank<\/a>, put $191\u00a0million into DST Global, an investment firm part of\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mail.ru\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mail.ru\">Mail.ru<\/a>\u00a0Group and founded by Russian billionaire\u00a0<a title=\"Yuri Milner\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuri_Milner\">Yuri Milner<\/a>, which used it to buy a large share of\u00a0<a title=\"Twitter\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twitter\">Twitter<\/a>\u00a0in 2011. A subsidiary of the Kremlin-controlled\u00a0<a title=\"Gazprom\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gazprom\">Gazprom<\/a>\u00a0funded an investment company that partnered with DST Global to buy shares in\u00a0<a title=\"Facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook\">Facebook<\/a>, reaping millions when the social media giant went public in 2012. Twitter similarly went public in 2013. The US government sanctioned VTB in 2014 because of the\u00a0<a title=\"Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation\">Russian military intervention in Crimea<\/a>, but DST Global had sold its stake in Twitter by then. Four days after the Facebook\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"IPO\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IPO\">IPO<\/a>, a DST Global subsidiary sold more than 27\u00a0million shares of Facebook for roughly $1\u00a0billion.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FBTwit_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-FBTwit-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In 2009,\u00a0<a title=\"Glencore\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glencore\">Glencore<\/a>, an Anglo\u2013Swiss multinational commodity trading and mining company, loaned $45\u00a0million to Israeli billionaire\u00a0<a title=\"Dan Gertler\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dan_Gertler\">Dan Gertler<\/a>\u00a0in exchange for his help with officials of the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Democratic Republic of Congo\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo\">Democratic Republic of Congo<\/a>\u00a0in negotiations over a\u00a0<a title=\"Joint venture\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_venture\">joint venture<\/a>\u00a0with state-owned\u00a0<a title=\"G\u00e9camines\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%A9camines\">G\u00e9camines<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0<a title=\"Katanga Mining\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katanga_Mining\">Katanga copper mine<\/a>, in which one of the board members was Glencore major shareholder\u00a0<a title=\"Telis Mistakidis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telis_Mistakidis\">Telis Mistakidis<\/a>. Glencore, which had effectively taken over Katanga, agreed to vote for the joint venture. The loan document specifically provided that repayment would be owed if agreement was not reached within three months. Gertler and Glencore have denied wrongdoing. Appleby had worked for Glencore and its founder\u00a0<a title=\"Marc Rich\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marc_Rich\">Marc Rich<\/a>\u00a0on major projects in the past, even after his indictement in 1983.<sup id=\"cite_ref-glencore_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-glencore-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-room_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-room-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Rich was indicted in the United States on federal charges of\u00a0<a title=\"Tax evasion\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tax_evasion\">tax evasion<\/a>\u00a0and making controversial oil deals with Iran during the\u00a0<a title=\"Iran hostage crisis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran_hostage_crisis\">Iran hostage crisis<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-KingofOil_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-KingofOil-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0He received a controversial\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Presidential pardon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Presidential_pardon\">presidential pardon<\/a>from\u00a0<a title=\"President of the United States\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\">U.S. President<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Bill Clinton\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Clinton\">Bill Clinton<\/a>\u00a0on January 20, 2001,\u00a0<a title=\"Bill Clinton pardon controversy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Clinton_pardon_controversy\">Clinton&#8217;s last day in office<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The Australian branch of Glencore has been demonstrated to have carried out some $25\u00a0billion in\u00a0<a title=\"Interest rate swap\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interest_rate_swap\">cross-currency interest rate swaps<\/a>, complex financial instruments the\u00a0<a title=\"Australian Taxation Office\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Taxation_Office\">Australian Taxation Office<\/a>\u00a0suspects of being used to avoid paying taxes in Australia.<sup id=\"cite_ref-GlencoreATO_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-GlencoreATO-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Appleby managed 17 offshore companies for\u00a0<a title=\"Odebrecht\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odebrecht\">Odebrecht<\/a>, a Brazilian conglomerate, and at least one of them was used as a vehicle for the payment of bribes in the\u00a0<a title=\"Operation Car Wash\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Car_Wash\">Operation Car Wash<\/a>. Some of these offshore companies are publicly known to operate for Odebrecht in Africa and be involved in bribes. Among those involved in the operation who also are named in the papers are\u00a0<a title=\"Marcelo Odebrecht\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcelo_Odebrecht\">Marcelo Odebrecht<\/a>, Brazilian businessman and former Odebrech&#8217;s CEO, his father Em\u00edlio Odebrecht and his brother Maur\u00edcio Odebrecht.<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"People_named\" class=\"mw-headline\">People named<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">See also:\u00a0<a title=\"List of people and organizations named in the Paradise Papers\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_people_and_organizations_named_in_the_Paradise_Papers\">List of people and organizations named in the Paradise Papers<\/a><\/div>\n<h3><strong><span id=\"Africa\" class=\"mw-headline\">Africa<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Liberia\" class=\"mw-headline\">Liberia<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf,_April_2010.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg\/170px-Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg\/255px-Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg\/340px-Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"227\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"1200\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Liberian President\u00a0<a title=\"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf\">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf<\/a>\u00a0is listed in the Paradise Papers<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Liberia\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberia\">Liberian<\/a>\u00a0President\u00a0<a title=\"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf\">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf<\/a>\u00a0is listed in the papers as a director of the Bermuda company Songhai Financial Holdings Ltd. a subsidiary of Databank\u2019s finance, fund management and investment company Databank Brokerage Ltd., from April 2001 until September 2012.<sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Ghanaian Minister for Finance and Economic Planning\u00a0<a title=\"Ken Ofori-Atta\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ken_Ofori-Atta\">Ken Ofori-Atta<\/a>, was a co-founder of Databank and a co-director, with Johnson Sirleaf, of Songhai Financial Holdings.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Nigeria\" class=\"mw-headline\">Nigeria<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>President of the Nigerian Senate\u00a0<a title=\"Bukola Saraki\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukola_Saraki\">Bukola Saraki<\/a>\u00a0is listed in the papers as a director and a shareholder of Tenia Ltd., a company established in the Cayman Islands in April 2001.<sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Uganda\" class=\"mw-headline\">Uganda<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Foreign Minister\u00a0<a title=\"Sam Kutesa\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sam_Kutesa\">Sam Kutesa<\/a>\u00a0is listed as beneficiary, along with his daughter, of a trust which holds the\u00a0<a title=\"Seychelles\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seychelles\">Seychelles<\/a>-based Katonga Investments Ltd. Katonga gave as its source of income Enhas Uganda, another Kutesa-owned company criticized in a parliamentary committee as part of a privatization it said had been &#8220;manipulated and taken advantage of by a few politically powerful people who sacrifice the people&#8217;s interests&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-explore_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-explore-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Kutesa was also president of the\u00a0<a title=\"United Nations General Assembly\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_General_Assembly\">United Nations General Assembly<\/a>\u00a0in 2014\u20132015.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span id=\"Asia\" class=\"mw-headline\">Asia<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"India\" class=\"mw-headline\">India<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Amitabh_Bachchan_December_2013.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Amitabh_Bachchan_December_2013.png\/170px-Amitabh_Bachchan_December_2013.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Amitabh_Bachchan_December_2013.png\/255px-Amitabh_Bachchan_December_2013.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Amitabh_Bachchan_December_2013.png\/340px-Amitabh_Bachchan_December_2013.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"239\" data-file-width=\"751\" data-file-height=\"1058\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Actor\u00a0<a title=\"Amitabh Bachchan\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amitabh_Bachchan\">Amitabh Bachchan<\/a>is listed in Paradise Papers<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>India ranks 19th out of the 180 countries represented in the data in terms of the number of names. In all, there are 714 Indians in the tally, including the names of several political leaders. Among them are\u00a0<a title=\"Jayant Sinha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jayant_Sinha\">Jayant Sinha<\/a>, member of the\u00a0<a title=\"Lok Sabha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lok_Sabha\">Lok Sabha<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)\">Minister of State for Civil Aviation<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ravindra Kishore Sinha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ravindra_Kishore_Sinha\">Ravindra Kishore Sinha<\/a>, member of the\u00a0<a title=\"Rajya Sabha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rajya_Sabha\">Rajya Sabha<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Yadav_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-Yadav-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>, former\u00a0<a title=\"Ministry of Corporate Affairs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs\">Minister of Corporate Affairs<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Sachin Pilot\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sachin_Pilot\">Sachin Pilot<\/a>, former\u00a0<a title=\"List of Chief Ministers of Rajasthan\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Rajasthan\">Chief Minister of Rajasthan<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Ashok Gehlot\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashok_Gehlot\">Ashok Gehlot<\/a>, former\u00a0<a title=\"Ministry of Science and Technology (India)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)\">Minister of Science and Technology<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Vayalar Ravi\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vayalar_Ravi\">Vayalar Ravi<\/a>&#8216;s son<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template\">[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Words to watch\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions\"><span title=\"The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2017)\">who?<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0the\u00a0<a title=\"Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)\">Minister of State for Civil Aviation<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Jayant Sinha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jayant_Sinha\">Jayant Sinha<\/a>, the son of former\u00a0<a title=\"Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change\">Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Veerappa Moily\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veerappa_Moily\">Veerappa Moily<\/a><sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template\">[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Words to watch\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions\"><span title=\"The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2017)\">who?<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup>\u00a0and Rajya Sabha\u00a0<a title=\"Member of parliament\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Member_of_parliament\">MP<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Ravindra Kishore Sinha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ravindra_Kishore_Sinha\">Ravindra Kishore Sinha<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Others named are Bollywood actor\u00a0<a title=\"Amitabh Bachchan\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amitabh_Bachchan\">Amitabh Bachchan<\/a>\u00a0(as a shareholder in a Bermuda-based digital media company) and former\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Member of Parliament of the Rajya Sabha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Member_of_Parliament_of_the_Rajya_Sabha\">Member of Parliament of the Rajya Sabha<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Vijay Mallya\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vijay_Mallya\">Vijay Mallya<\/a>, son of businessman\u00a0<a title=\"Vittal Mallya\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vittal_Mallya\">Vittal Mallya<\/a>. The papers revealed that Mallya sold\u00a0<a title=\"United Spirits\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Spirits\">United Spirits<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a title=\"Diageo\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diageo\">Diageo<\/a>\u00a0in 2013, which it later approached London-based law firm\u00a0<a title=\"Linklaters\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linklaters\">Linklaters<\/a>\u00a0to restructuring the group structure created by Mallya. With three other subsidiaries based in the UK, United Spirits was allegedly involved with diverting funds amounting to $1.5 billion. Bachchan and Mallyain also appeared in the Panama Papers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Among the companies listed in the papers are\u00a0<a title=\"Apollo Tyres\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_Tyres\">Apollo Tyres<\/a>, the\u00a0<a title=\"Essel Group\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Essel_Group\">Essel Group<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0D S Construction,\u00a0<a title=\"Emaar India\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emaar_India\">Emaar MGF<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"GMR Group\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GMR_Group\">GMR Group<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Havells\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Havells\">Havells<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Hinduja Group\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hinduja_Group\">Hinduja Group<\/a>, the Hiranandani Group,\u00a0<a title=\"Jindal Steel and Power\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jindal_Steel_and_Power\">Jindal Steel<\/a>, the\u00a0<a title=\"Sun Group\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sun_Group\">Sun Group<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Videocon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Videocon\">Videocon<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-36\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Indonesia\" class=\"mw-headline\">Indonesia<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Two children of deceased former president\u00a0<a title=\"Suharto\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suharto\">Suharto<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Tommy Suharto\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tommy_Suharto\">Tommy<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"id:Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih\" href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siti_Hutami_Endang_Adiningsih\">Mamiek<\/a>\u00a0in addition to opposition party leader\u00a0<a title=\"Prabowo Subianto\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prabowo_Subianto\">Prabowo Subianto<\/a>\u00a0(Suharto&#8217;s former son-in-law) are listed in the papers. Following the release, the\u00a0<a title=\"Directorate General of Taxes (Indonesia)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Directorate_General_of_Taxes_(Indonesia)\">Directorate General of Taxes<\/a>\u00a0released a statement that they will follow up the information provided on Indonesian taxpayers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Japan\" class=\"mw-headline\">Japan<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Yukio_Hatoyama_20090904_1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/21\/Yukio_Hatoyama_20090904_1.jpg\/220px-Yukio_Hatoyama_20090904_1.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/21\/Yukio_Hatoyama_20090904_1.jpg\/330px-Yukio_Hatoyama_20090904_1.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/21\/Yukio_Hatoyama_20090904_1.jpg\/440px-Yukio_Hatoyama_20090904_1.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"147\" data-file-width=\"2496\" data-file-height=\"1664\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Former Japanese Prime Minister\u00a0<a title=\"Yukio Hatoyama\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yukio_Hatoyama\">Yukio Hatoyama<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Former Japanese Prime Minister\u00a0<a title=\"Yukio Hatoyama\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yukio_Hatoyama\">Yukio Hatoyama<\/a>\u00a0is listed in the papers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-38\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The Bermuda-incorporated company,\u00a0<a title=\"Hoifu Energy Group\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoifu_Energy_Group\">Hoifu Energy Group<\/a>, is listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and appointed Hatoyama honorary chairman in 2013 because of his &#8220;amicable relationship&#8221; with the oil industry, a sector in which Hoifu planned to expand. The principal shareholder of the company was Hui Chi Ming.\u00a0<a title=\"Neil Bush\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Bush\">Neil Bush<\/a>, brother of\u00a0<a title=\"George W. Bush\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_W._Bush\">George W. Bush<\/a>, was a director (deputy chairman) of the company.<sup id=\"cite_ref-explore_28-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-explore-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-39\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Kazakhstan\" class=\"mw-headline\">Kazakhstan<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Former Minister of Oil and Gas\u00a0<a title=\"Sauat Mynbayev\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sauat_Mynbayev\">Sauat Mynbayev<\/a>\u00a0is listed as an original shareholder of Meridian Capital Ltd.<sup id=\"cite_ref-40\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-40\">[40]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Pakistan\" class=\"mw-headline\">Pakistan<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Shaukat_Aziz_handout_pic_2013.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f2\/Shaukat_Aziz_handout_pic_2013.jpg\/170px-Shaukat_Aziz_handout_pic_2013.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f2\/Shaukat_Aziz_handout_pic_2013.jpg\/255px-Shaukat_Aziz_handout_pic_2013.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f2\/Shaukat_Aziz_handout_pic_2013.jpg\/340px-Shaukat_Aziz_handout_pic_2013.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"169\" data-file-width=\"1499\" data-file-height=\"1487\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Former Pakistani Prime Minister\u00a0<a title=\"Shaukat Aziz\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaukat_Aziz\">Shaukat Aziz<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>From Pakistan, former Prime Minister\u00a0<a title=\"Shaukat Aziz\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaukat_Aziz\">Shaukat Aziz<\/a>\u00a0is listed in the papers, having set up a trust called the Antarctic Trust owned by a Delaware corporation.<sup id=\"cite_ref-41\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-41\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Aziz, a former Citibank executive, told the ICIJ he had set the trust up for\u00a0<a title=\"Estate planning\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estate_planning\">estate planning<\/a>purposes and that the funds had come from his employment at Citibank. An internal Appleby document raised concerns about warrants issued for him in connection with the killing of a local leader. Aziz dismissed both the murder charge and the allegations of financial impropriety.<sup id=\"cite_ref-explore_28-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-explore-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span id=\"Europe\" class=\"mw-headline\">Europe<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Austria\" class=\"mw-headline\">Austria<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a title=\"Alfred Gusenbauer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Gusenbauer\">Alfred Gusenbauer<\/a>\u00a0was head of the\u00a0<a title=\"Social Democratic Party of Austria\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria\">Social Democratic Party of Austria<\/a>\u00a0from 2000 to 2008 and Austria\u2019s chancellor from January 2007 to December 2008. He is listed as a director for Novia Management, a Maltese company listed as a shareholder in Novia Funds Sicav Plc, also Malta-based, which includes among its other shareholders\u00a0<a class=\"new\" title=\"Tal Silberstein (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Tal_Silberstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Tal Silberstein<\/a><span class=\"noprint\">\u00a0(<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Tal Silberstein\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tal_Silberstein\">de<\/a>)<\/span>, who was arrested in 2017 with\u00a0<a title=\"Beny Steinmetz\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beny_Steinmetz\">Beny Steinmetz<\/a>on charges of money laundering, then released. Silberstein had served as Gusenbauer&#8217;s campaign advisor.<sup id=\"cite_ref-explore_28-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-explore-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"France\" class=\"mw-headline\">France<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The French filmmaker\u00a0<a title=\"Jean-Jacques Annaud\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Jacques_Annaud\">Jean-Jacques Annaud<\/a>\u00a0is listed in the papers. As a result of the investigation, the filmmaker informed French tax authorities last month about his offshore holdings.<sup id=\"cite_ref-42\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Ireland\" class=\"mw-headline\">Ireland<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bono_WEF_2008.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/Bono_WEF_2008.jpg\/220px-Bono_WEF_2008.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/Bono_WEF_2008.jpg\/330px-Bono_WEF_2008.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/Bono_WEF_2008.jpg\/440px-Bono_WEF_2008.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"147\" data-file-width=\"500\" data-file-height=\"333\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Bono\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bono\">Bono<\/a>\u00a0is named in the papers<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>A great deal of intangible property surfaced in Ireland around the time of an internal\u00a0<a title=\"Apple Inc.\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc.\">Apple Inc.<\/a>\u00a0reorganization of three Irish subsidiaries. The 2015\u00a0<a title=\"Gross domestic product\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gross_domestic_product\">gross domestic product<\/a>\u00a0showed a 26% increase, and close to $270\u00a0billion of intangible assets suddenly appeared in Ireland as the year began \u2013 more than the entire value of all residential property in Ireland. This is believed to indicate that Apple has taken advantage of a tax incentive known as a capital allowance, which gives Irish companies generous tax breaks for buying intangible property. Following a US Senate investigation which featured testimony by\u00a0<a title=\"Tim Cook\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tim_Cook\">Tim Cook<\/a>, Ireland announced that henceforth Irish companies would be required to declare tax residency someplace in the world. Several US multinationals, including Apple subsidiaries, had taken the position that they did not owe taxes anywhere in the world. Apple&#8217;s law firm, Baker McKenzie, researched island tax havens, asking Appleby officials in numerous jurisdictions to confirm &#8220;that an Irish company can conduct management activities &#8230; without being subject to taxation in your jurisdiction.\u201d Two of the subsidiaries moved to\u00a0<a title=\"Jersey\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jersey\">Jersey<\/a>. Apple is being sued for $14.5\u00a0billion in back taxes, following a finding by European regulators that Ireland illegally provided state aid when it approved Apple&#8217;s tax structure. Irish companies are required to pay taxes in Ireland, but if they convince authorities that they are &#8220;managed and controlled&#8221; from abroad, the companies may win an exemption. Apple now holds $252\u00a0billion offshore.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Apple_43-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-Apple-43\">[43]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"U2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U2\">U2<\/a>\u00a0lead singer\u00a0<a title=\"Bono\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bono\">Bono<\/a>\u00a0is listed in the papers<sup id=\"cite_ref-44\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-44\">[44]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0as an investor in a Lithuanian shopping centre via a Malta-based company.<sup id=\"cite_ref-45\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-45\">[45]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Greece\" class=\"mw-headline\">Greece<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Mareva Grabowski, wife of\u00a0<a title=\"Kyriakos Mitsotakis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis\">Kyriakos Mitsotakis<\/a>\u00a0leader of the opposition and president of New Democracy, is listed on the Paradise Papers. She is the shareholder of 50% of an offshore company Eternia Capital Management in Cayman Islands, in the Caribbeans. This entry is verified from the law-firm Appleby and on the Cayman records on 30 March 2010.<sup id=\"cite_ref-huffingtonpost_46-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-huffingtonpost-46\">[46]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Lithuania\" class=\"mw-headline\">Lithuania<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a title=\"Antanas Guoga\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antanas_Guoga\">Antanas Guoga<\/a>, a Member of the\u00a0<a title=\"European Parliament\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Parliament\">European Parliament<\/a>, is named in the papers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-47\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-47\">[47]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Montenegro\" class=\"mw-headline\">Montenegro<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ana Kolarevi\u0107, sister of the former\u00a0<a title=\"Montenegro\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montenegro\">Montenegrin<\/a>\u00a0Prime Minister and President\u00a0<a title=\"Milo \u0110ukanovi\u0107\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milo_%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87\">Milo \u0110ukanovi\u0107<\/a>, who was in power from 1991 to 2016, is listed in the Paradise Papers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-48\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Netherlands\" class=\"mw-headline\">Netherlands<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Appleby documents detail how Nike boosted its after-tax profits by, among other maneuvers, transferring ownership of its Swoosh trademark to a Bermudan subsidiary, Nike International Ltd. This transfer allowed the subsidiary to charge royalties to its European headquarters in Hilversum, effectively converting taxable company\u00a0<a title=\"Profit (accounting)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Profit_(accounting)\">profits<\/a>to an account payable in tax-free Bermuda.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nike_49-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-Nike-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Although the subsidiary was effectively run by executives at Nike&#8217;s main offices in\u00a0<a title=\"Beaverton, Oregon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beaverton,_Oregon\">Beaverton, Oregon<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 to the point where a duplicate of the Bermudan company&#8217;s seal was needed \u2013 for tax purposes the subsidiary was treated as Bermuda. Its profits were not declared in Europe and came to light only because of a mostly unrelated case in US Tax Court, where papers filed by Nike briefly mention royalties in 2010, 2011 and 2012 totaling $3.86\u00a0billion.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nike_49-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-Nike-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Under an arrangement with Dutch authorities, the tax break was to expire in 2014, so another reorganization transferred the intellectual property from the Bermudan company to a Dutch\u00a0<i>commanditaire vennootschap<\/i>\u00a0or limited partnership, Nike Innovate CV. Dutch law treats income earned by a CV as if it had been earned by the principals, who owe no tax in the Netherlands if they do not reside there. One in six dollars of foreign profit earned by US multinationals was earned, at least on paper, through a Dutch CV subsidiary. Companies involved include\u00a0<a class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"Tesla\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tesla\">Tesla<\/a>, NetApp and\u00a0<a class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"Uber\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uber\">Uber<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Nike_49-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-Nike-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Spain\" class=\"mw-headline\">Spain<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In Spain, the first political authority that appears is the former\u00a0<a title=\"List of mayors of Barcelona\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_mayors_of_Barcelona\">mayor of Barcelona<\/a>\u00a0and current councilor,\u00a0<a title=\"Xavier Trias\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xavier_Trias\">Xavier Trias<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-50\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-50\">[50]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0artist\u00a0<a title=\"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Cano\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Cano\">Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Cano<\/a>\u00a0and billionaire\u00a0<a title=\"Daniel Mat\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Mat%C3%A9\">Daniel Mat\u00e9<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-51\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-51\">[51]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The businessman\u00a0<a title=\"Juan Villalonga\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Villalonga\">Juan Villalonga<\/a>, who was CEO of\u00a0<a title=\"Telef\u00f3nica\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telef%C3%B3nica\">Telef\u00f3nica<\/a>\u00a0between 1996 and 2000, registered two companies in tax havens.<sup id=\"cite_ref-52\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-52\">[52]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Switzerland\" class=\"mw-headline\">Switzerland<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Quantum Global Group, an investment bank owned by\u00a0<a title=\"Jean-Claude Bastos de Morais\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Claude_Bastos_de_Morais\">Jean-Claude Bastos de Morais<\/a>, managed the\u00a0<a title=\"Angola\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angola\">Angolan<\/a>\u00a0wealth fund invested in seven investment funds in\u00a0<a title=\"Mauritius\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mauritius\">Mauritius<\/a>\u00a0and received an annual fee of 2 percent to 2.5 percent of capital under management per year.<sup id=\"cite_ref-53\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-53\">[53]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"United_Kingdom\" class=\"mw-headline\">United Kingdom<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tmulti tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"tsingle\">\n<div class=\"thumbimage\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_March_2015_cropped.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Queen_Elizabeth_II_March_2015_cropped.jpg\/129px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_March_2015_cropped.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Queen_Elizabeth_II_March_2015_cropped.jpg\/194px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_March_2015_cropped.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Queen_Elizabeth_II_March_2015_cropped.jpg\/258px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_March_2015_cropped.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"129\" height=\"161\" data-file-width=\"1820\" data-file-height=\"2275\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">The Paradise Papers show that the\u00a0<a title=\"Duchy of Lancaster\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duchy_of_Lancaster\">Duchy of Lancaster<\/a>, a private estate of\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Queen Elizabeth II\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Elizabeth_II\">Queen Elizabeth II<\/a>, held investments in the\u00a0<a title=\"Cayman Islands\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cayman_Islands\">Cayman Islands<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Bermuda\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bermuda\">Bermuda<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ICIJ-20171105_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-ICIJ-20171105-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tsingle\">\n<div class=\"thumbimage\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Charles,_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg\/129px-Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg\/194px-Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg\/258px-Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"129\" height=\"161\" data-file-width=\"1300\" data-file-height=\"1625\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">The Paradise Papers also show that the\u00a0<a title=\"Duchy of Cornwall\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duchy_of_Cornwall\">Duchy of Cornwall<\/a>, a possession of\u00a0<a title=\"Charles, Prince of Wales\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales\">Prince Charles<\/a>, invested in a Bermuda-based carbon credits trading company.<sup id=\"cite_ref-theguardian.com_54-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-theguardian.com-54\">[54]<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lord_Sassoon,_Commercial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury,_at_%27Planning_for_Infrastructure_and_Growth_How_to_ensure_London%E2%80%99s_place_in_the_global_economy%27.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/74\/Lord_Sassoon%2C_Commercial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury%2C_at_%27Planning_for_Infrastructure_and_Growth_How_to_ensure_London%E2%80%99s_place_in_the_global_economy%27.jpg\/220px-Lord_Sassoon%2C_Commercial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury%2C_at_%27Planning_for_Infrastructure_and_Growth_How_to_ensure_London%E2%80%99s_place_in_the_global_economy%27.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/74\/Lord_Sassoon%2C_Commercial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury%2C_at_%27Planning_for_Infrastructure_and_Growth_How_to_ensure_London%E2%80%99s_place_in_the_global_economy%27.jpg\/330px-Lord_Sassoon%2C_Commercial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury%2C_at_%27Planning_for_Infrastructure_and_Growth_How_to_ensure_London%E2%80%99s_place_in_the_global_economy%27.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/74\/Lord_Sassoon%2C_Commercial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury%2C_at_%27Planning_for_Infrastructure_and_Growth_How_to_ensure_London%E2%80%99s_place_in_the_global_economy%27.jpg\/440px-Lord_Sassoon%2C_Commercial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury%2C_at_%27Planning_for_Infrastructure_and_Growth_How_to_ensure_London%E2%80%99s_place_in_the_global_economy%27.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" data-file-width=\"3072\" data-file-height=\"2304\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Lord Sassoon president of the international\u00a0<a title=\"Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Financial_Action_Task_Force_on_Money_Laundering\">Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The papers show that the\u00a0<a title=\"Duchy of Lancaster\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duchy_of_Lancaster\">Duchy of Lancaster<\/a>, a private estate of\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Queen Elizabeth II\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Elizabeth_II\">Queen Elizabeth II<\/a>, held investments in two\u00a0<a title=\"Offshore financial centre\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Offshore_financial_centre\">offshore financial centres<\/a>, the\u00a0<a title=\"Cayman Islands\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cayman_Islands\">Cayman Islands<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Bermuda\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bermuda\">Bermuda<\/a>. Both are\u00a0<a title=\"British Overseas Territories\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Overseas_Territories\">British Overseas Territories<\/a>\u00a0of which she is also the monarch, and for which she appoints governors. Britain handles foreign policy for both islands to a large extent, but Bermuda has been self-governing since 1620. The Duchy&#8217;s investments included\u00a0<a title=\"First Quench Retailing\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Quench_Retailing\">First Quench Retailing<\/a>\u00a0off-licences and\u00a0<a title=\"Rent-to-own\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rent-to-own\">rent-to-own<\/a>\u00a0retailer\u00a0<a title=\"BrightHouse (retailer)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BrightHouse_(retailer)\">BrightHouse<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-55\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-55\">[55]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Labour Party Leader\u00a0<a title=\"Jeremy Corbyn\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeremy_Corbyn\">Jeremy Corbyn<\/a>\u00a0asked whether the Queen should apologize, saying anyone with money offshore for tax avoidance should &#8220;not just apologise for it, [but] recognise what it does to our society&#8221;. A spokesman for the Duchy said that all of their investments are audited and legitimate and that the Queen voluntarily pays taxes on income she receives from Duchy investments.<sup id=\"cite_ref-beeb_56-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-beeb-56\">[56]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The papers also show that in June 2007, the\u00a0<a title=\"Duchy of Cornwall\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duchy_of_Cornwall\">Duchy of Cornwall<\/a>, a possession of\u00a0<a title=\"Charles, Prince of Wales\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales\">Prince Charles<\/a>, invested $113,500 via in Sustainable Forestry Management.<sup id=\"cite_ref-theguardian.com_54-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-theguardian.com-54\">[54]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0a Bermuda-based carbon credits trading company run by\u00a0<a title=\"Hugh van Cutsem\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hugh_van_Cutsem\">Hugh van Cutsem<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-57\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-57\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Four weeks after the Duchy of Cornwall purchased shares in Sustainable Forestry Management, Prince Charles made a speech criticising the\u00a0<a title=\"European Union Emission Trading Scheme\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union_Emission_Trading_Scheme\">European Union Emission Trading Scheme<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a title=\"Kyoto Protocol\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyoto_Protocol\">Kyoto Protocol<\/a>\u00a0for excluding carbon credits from rainforests, and called for change.<sup id=\"cite_ref-58\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-58\">[58]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"James Sassoon, Baron Sassoon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Sassoon,_Baron_Sassoon\">James Meyer Sassoon<\/a>, the 2007 president of the international\u00a0<a title=\"Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Financial_Action_Task_Force_on_Money_Laundering\">Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-explore_28-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-explore-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-59\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup>said that his $236\u00a0million trust<sup id=\"cite_ref-60\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-60\">[60]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0revealed in the papers had been established years before by his grandmother with funds that had not been earned in the UK and therefore were not subject to tax there. He said he had first disclosed the trust when he joined the Treasury in 2002, where he was\u00a0<a title=\"Commercial Secretary to the Treasury\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commercial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury\">Commercial Secretary<\/a>\u00a0from 2010 to 2013.<\/p>\n<p>An article published by the ICIJ detailing the use of ambiguous\u00a0<a title=\"Value-added tax\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Value-added_tax\">VAT<\/a>\u00a0policies on the\u00a0<a title=\"Isle of Man\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isle_of_Man\">Isle of Man<\/a>\u00a0highlights the $27\u00a0million\u00a0<a title=\"Bombardier Challenger 600 series\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series\">Bombardier Challenger 605<\/a>\u00a0private jet that\u00a0<a title=\"Lewis Hamilton\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lewis_Hamilton\">Lewis Hamilton<\/a>\u00a0registered there, apparently in order to become eligible for a $5.2\u00a0million VAT refund.<sup id=\"cite_ref-61\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-61\">[61]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The BBC also noted questions about investments by Conservative Party donor\u00a0<a title=\"Michael Ashcroft\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Ashcroft\">Michael Ashcroft<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Farhad Moshiri\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farhad_Moshiri\">Farhad Moshiri<\/a>, owner of Everton Football Club.<sup id=\"cite_ref-beeb_56-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-beeb-56\">[56]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Ukraine\" class=\"mw-headline\">Ukraine<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Secretary_Tillerson_and_Ukrainian_President_Poroshenko_Shake_Hands_Before_Their_Meeting_in_Washington_(34621629283).jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/Secretary_Tillerson_and_Ukrainian_President_Poroshenko_Shake_Hands_Before_Their_Meeting_in_Washington_%2834621629283%29.jpg\/220px-Secretary_Tillerson_and_Ukrainian_President_Poroshenko_Shake_Hands_Before_Their_Meeting_in_Washington_%2834621629283%29.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/Secretary_Tillerson_and_Ukrainian_President_Poroshenko_Shake_Hands_Before_Their_Meeting_in_Washington_%2834621629283%29.jpg\/330px-Secretary_Tillerson_and_Ukrainian_President_Poroshenko_Shake_Hands_Before_Their_Meeting_in_Washington_%2834621629283%29.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/Secretary_Tillerson_and_Ukrainian_President_Poroshenko_Shake_Hands_Before_Their_Meeting_in_Washington_%2834621629283%29.jpg\/440px-Secretary_Tillerson_and_Ukrainian_President_Poroshenko_Shake_Hands_Before_Their_Meeting_in_Washington_%2834621629283%29.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"147\" data-file-width=\"4351\" data-file-height=\"2900\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Ukrainian President\u00a0<a title=\"Petro Poroshenko\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petro_Poroshenko\">Petro Poroshenko<\/a>\u00a0and U.S. Secretary of State\u00a0<a title=\"Rex Tillerson\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rex_Tillerson\">Rex Tillerson<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ukrainian President\u00a0<a title=\"Petro Poroshenko\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petro_Poroshenko\">Petro Poroshenko<\/a>\u00a0is named in the papers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-62\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-62\">[62]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span id=\"Middle_East\" class=\"mw-headline\">Middle East<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Jordan\" class=\"mw-headline\">Jordan<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a title=\"Queen Noor of Jordan\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Noor_of_Jordan\">Queen Noor of Jordan<\/a>\u00a0is listed in the papers as the beneficiary of two trusts registered in Jersey.<sup id=\"cite_ref-63\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-63\">[63]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0One of the trusts, the Valentine 1997 Trust, was valued at more than $40\u00a0million in 2015, and its income is to be paid to the queen during her lifetime. The trust also owns property in southern England adjacent to\u00a0<a title=\"Buckhurst Park, Sussex\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buckhurst_Park,_Sussex\">Buckhurst Park, Sussex<\/a>. The other trust, the Brown Discretionary Settlement, is the beneficial owner of a Jersey-incorporated investment holding company with assets worth c. $18.7\u00a0million in 2015.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Israel\" class=\"mw-headline\">Israel<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Jonathan Kolber, former CEO of Koor Industries and the beneficiary of the Kolber Trust and son of Canadian senator Leo Kolber, who set the fund in 1991, is named.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ParadisePapers1_64-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-ParadisePapers1-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Dan Gertler\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dan_Gertler\">Dan Gertler<\/a>, Israeli billionaire businessman in\u00a0<a title=\"Natural resource\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natural_resource\">natural resources<\/a>\u00a0and the founder and President of the DGI (<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Dan Gertler International\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dan_Gertler_International\">Dan Gertler International<\/a>) Group of Companies appears in 120 documents regarding his relationship with Glencore.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ParadisePapers1_64-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-ParadisePapers1-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Saudi_Arabia\" class=\"mw-headline\">Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Prince\u00a0<a title=\"Khalid bin Sultan\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khalid_bin_Sultan\">Khaled bin Sultan<\/a>\u00a0bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, a former deputy minister of defense for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is given as the owner of at least eight companies in Bermuda between 1989 and 2014, some of them apparently formed for purposes of owning yachts and airplanes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-explore_28-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-explore-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Syria\" class=\"mw-headline\">Syria<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a title=\"Rami Makhlouf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rami_Makhlouf\">Rami Makhlouf<\/a>, reportedly Syria&#8217;s wealthiest man, is listed in the papers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-65\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-65\">[65]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Turkey\" class=\"mw-headline\">Turkey<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The sons of\u00a0<a title=\"Turkey\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\">Turkey<\/a>&#8216;s Prime Minister,\u00a0<a title=\"Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m\">Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m<\/a>, are listed in the papers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-66\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-66\">[66]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span id=\"North_America\" class=\"mw-headline\">North America<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Canada\" class=\"mw-headline\">Canada<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien_2010.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien_2010.jpg\/170px-Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien_2010.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien_2010.jpg\/255px-Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien_2010.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien_2010.jpg\/340px-Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien_2010.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"204\" data-file-width=\"450\" data-file-height=\"539\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Former Prime Minister of Canada\u00a0<a title=\"Jean Chr\u00e9tien\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien\">Jean Chr\u00e9tien<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Three former Canadian Prime Ministers are named in the Paradise Papers:\u00a0<a title=\"Jean Chr\u00e9tien\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien\">Jean Chr\u00e9tien<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Paul Martin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Martin\">Paul Martin<\/a>, and\u00a0<a title=\"Brian Mulroney\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brian_Mulroney\">Brian Mulroney<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-67\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-67\">[67]<\/a><\/sup>According to the papers,\u00a0<a title=\"Bronfman family\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bronfman_family\">Stephen Bronfman<\/a>, Canadian Prime Minister\u00a0<a title=\"Justin Trudeau\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Justin_Trudeau\">Justin Trudeau<\/a>&#8216;s adviser and close friend, a Liberal Party fundraiser credited with putting Trudeau into office, moved millions of dollars offshore for former Liberal Party Senator\u00a0<a title=\"Leo Kolber\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leo_Kolber\">Leo Kolber<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-KolBronf_68-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-KolBronf-68\">[68]<\/a><\/sup>The offshore maneuvers may have avoided taxes in Canada, the United States and Israel, according to experts who reviewed some of the 3,000-plus files detailing the trust&#8217;s activities.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ICIJ-20171105_1-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-ICIJ-20171105-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Costa_Rica\" class=\"mw-headline\">Costa Rica<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Former president Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres sat on the board of energy company Energia Global International, along with his brother and Timothy Phillips. The company was bought in 2001 by Enel SpA, an Italian power company, for $73\u00a0million, plus $37\u00a0million in debt cancellation. Figueres resigned from the board that year, at the annual EF meeting in Davos. He was also CEO of World Economic Forum from 2000 to 2004, and resigned as a result of allegations he called &#8220;unfounded&#8221; about $900,000 in consulting fees from a French telecommunications firm.<sup id=\"cite_ref-explore_28-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-explore-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Mexico\" class=\"mw-headline\">Mexico<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>According to the files, trade union leader and politician\u00a0<a title=\"Joaqu\u00edn Gamboa Pascoe\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Gamboa_Pascoe\">Joaqu\u00edn Gamboa Pascoe<\/a>\u00a0had investments worth $15.5\u00a0million; other mentioned politicians are\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Pedro Aspe Armella\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pedro_Aspe_Armella\">Pedro Aspe Armella<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Alejandro Gertz Manero\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alejandro_Gertz_Manero\">Alejandro Gertz Manero<\/a>, and officials from\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PEMEX\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PEMEX\">PEMEX<\/a>. High-profile Mexicans in the files include billionaire\u00a0<a title=\"Carlos Slim\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlos_Slim\">Carlos Slim<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-A_UniR_69-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-A_UniR-69\">[69]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0priest\u00a0<a title=\"Marcial Maciel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcial_Maciel\">Marcial Maciel<\/a>\u00a0known as &#8220;the greatest fundraiser of the modern Roman Catholic church&#8221;,<sup id=\"cite_ref-A_UniR_69-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-A_UniR-69\">[69]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Ricardo Salinas Pliego\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ricardo_Salinas_Pliego\">Ricardo Salinas Pliego<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-A_UniR_69-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-A_UniR-69\">[69]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In an interview with\u00a0<i><a title=\"Proceso (magazine)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proceso_(magazine)\">Proceso<\/a><\/i>, Gertz Manero, formerly National Security Secretary, denied all knowledge of the company, of which he was vice-president, and which was started by his brother, who had made himself president.<sup id=\"cite_ref-explore_28-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-explore-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"United_States\" class=\"mw-headline\">United States<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wilbur_Ross_-_2017.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Wilbur_Ross_-_2017.jpg\/170px-Wilbur_Ross_-_2017.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Wilbur_Ross_-_2017.jpg\/255px-Wilbur_Ross_-_2017.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Wilbur_Ross_-_2017.jpg\/340px-Wilbur_Ross_-_2017.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"184\" data-file-width=\"1179\" data-file-height=\"1275\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>The leaked documents revealed that Secretary of Commerce\u00a0<a title=\"Wilbur Ross\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilbur_Ross\">Wilbur Ross<\/a>\u00a0holds stakes in businesses connected to sanctioned\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Russian oligarchs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_oligarchs\">Russian oligarchs<\/a>, which he did not disclose during his confirmation hearings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>According to the papers,\u00a0<a title=\"United States Secretary of Commerce\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce\">United States Secretary of Commerce<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Wilbur Ross\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilbur_Ross\">Wilbur Ross<\/a>\u00a0holds stakes in businesses which deal with Russian oligarchs\u00a0<a title=\"Leonid Mikhelson\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leonid_Mikhelson\">Leonid Mikhelson<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Gennady Timchenko\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gennady_Timchenko\">Gennady Timchenko<\/a>\u00a0who are subject to\u00a0<a title=\"International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_sanctions_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis\">U.S. sanctions<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-bbc_5-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-bbc-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0as well as Russian president\u00a0<a title=\"Vladimir Putin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Putin\">Vladimir Putin<\/a>&#8216;s son-in-law,\u00a0<a title=\"Kirill Shamalov\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kirill_Shamalov\">Kirill Shamalov<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-McIntire_70-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-McIntire-70\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Other members of the\u00a0<a title=\"Presidency of Donald Trump\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump\">Trump Administration<\/a>\u00a0that appear in the documents include\u00a0<a title=\"United States Secretary of State\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_State\">United States Secretary of State<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Rex Tillerson\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rex_Tillerson\">Rex Tillerson<\/a>\u00a0and Director of the\u00a0<a title=\"National Economic Council (United States)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Economic_Council_(United_States)\">National Economic Council<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Gary Cohn (investment banker)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gary_Cohn_(investment_banker)\">Gary D. Cohn<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-McIntire_70-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-McIntire-70\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Overall, more than a dozen Trump cabinet members, major donors and advisers appear in the documents. These include major donors\u00a0<a title=\"Robert Mercer (businessman)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Mercer_(businessman)\">Robert Mercer<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Sheldon Adelson\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sheldon_Adelson\">Sheldon Adelson<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ICIJ-20171105_1-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-ICIJ-20171105-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-icij_71-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-icij-71\">[71]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The documents also revealed that Russian state organizations with ties to Putin pursued between 2009 and 2011 large investments in\u00a0<a title=\"Facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook\">Facebook<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Twitter\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twitter\">Twitter<\/a>\u00a0via an intermediary\u2014Russian-American entrepreneur\u00a0<a title=\"Yuri Milner\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuri_Milner\">Yuri Milner<\/a>, who befriended Facebook founder\u00a0<a title=\"Mark Zuckerberg\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mark_Zuckerberg\">Mark Zuckerberg<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-72\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-72\">[72]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and was a business associate of\u00a0<a title=\"Jared Kushner\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jared_Kushner\">Jared Kushner<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"President of the United States\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\">President<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Donald Trump\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump\">Donald Trump<\/a>&#8216;s son-in-law.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Swaine_73-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-Swaine-73\">[73]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>American singer\u00a0<a title=\"Madonna (entertainer)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madonna_(entertainer)\">Madonna<\/a>, Microsoft co-founder\u00a0<a title=\"Paul Allen\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Allen\">Paul Allen<\/a>, American billionaire\u00a0<a title=\"George Soros\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Soros\">George Soros<\/a>, founder of\u00a0<a title=\"Open Society Foundations\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Society_Foundations\">Open Society Foundations<\/a>,<sup id=\"cite_ref-74\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-74\">[74]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and former\u00a0<a title=\"NATO\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\">NATO<\/a>\u00a0supreme commander in Europe General\u00a0<a title=\"Wesley Clark\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wesley_Clark\">Wesley Clark<\/a>\u00a0are also named in the papers.<sup id=\"cite_ref-75\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-75\">[75]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Commenting on the Paradise Papers leak, United States Senator and 2016 presidential candidate\u00a0<a title=\"Bernie Sanders\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernie_Sanders\">Bernie Sanders<\/a>\u00a0warned of &#8220;rapid movement toward international oligarchy&#8221;, saying, &#8220;The Paradise Papers shows how these billionaires and multinational corporations get richer by hiding their wealth and profits and avoid paying their fair share of taxes.&#8221;<sup id=\"cite_ref-Sanders_76-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-Sanders-76\">[76]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The\u00a0<a title=\"Democratic Party (United States)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Party_(United_States)\">Democratic<\/a>\u00a0leader in the US Senate,\u00a0<a title=\"Chuck Schumer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chuck_Schumer\">Chuck Schumer<\/a>, and the ranking Democratic member of the Senate finance committee,\u00a0<a title=\"Ron Wyden\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ron_Wyden\">Ron Wyden<\/a>, issued a joint statement accusing Republicans of &#8220;pushing a reform of the tax code that fails to close egregious loopholes revealed by the leaks.&#8221;<sup id=\"cite_ref-Sanders_76-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers#cite_note-Sanders-76\">[76]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>More at:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradise_Papers<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Subscribe to France 24 now: http:\/\/f24.my\/youtubeEN FRANCE 24 live news stream: all the latest news 24\/7 http:\/\/f24.my\/YTliveEN From the ICIJ, the same consortium of journalists and media outlets that brought you Luxleaks and the Panama Papers, now comes the Paradise Papers. Everyone from Lewis Hamilton and Bono to Apple and&#8230; <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/2017\/11\/09\/the-paradise-papers\/\"> Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6734"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6734"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6737,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6734\/revisions\/6737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}